CONSTITUTION OF THE ARGENTINE NATION
PREAMBLE
We, the representatives of the people of the Argentine Nation, gathered in General
Constituent Assembly by the will and election of the Provinces which compose it, in
fulfillment of pre-existing pacts, in order to form a national union, guarantee justice, secure
domestic peace, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare and secure
the blessings of liberty to ourselves, to our posterity, and to all men of the world who wish
to dwell on argentine soil: invoking the protection of God, source of all reason and justice:
do ordain, decree, and establish this Constitution for the Argentine Nation.
Section 38.- Political parties are basic institutions of the democratic system.
This Constitution guarantees the free establishment and exercise of their activities, as well
as their democratic organization and performance, representation of minority groups,
competition for those standing as candidates for elective public positions, access to public
information and communication of their ideas.
The State contributes to the economic support of their activities and the training of their
leaders.
Political parties shall make public the source and destiny of their funds and assets.
Constitution of the United States of America
PREAMBLE
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
***The framers of the United States Constitution made no provision in the governmental structure for the functioning of political parties because they believed that parties were a source of corruption and an impediment to the freedom of people to judge issues on their merits. James Madison argued in his The Federalist “No. 10” paper against a system in which “factions” (his word for parties) might be able to seize control of the government (see Federalist, The). George Washington, in accordance with the thinking of his fellow Founding Fathers, included in his Cabinet men of diverse political philosophies and policies, rather than narrow his choices to those of a single political outlook.
Within a short time informal parties did develop, even though their adherents still insisted they disapproved of parties as a permanent feature in American politics. The structure of government itself in the United States was conducive to the formation of political parties. The carefully elaborated system of checks and balances, established by the Constitution, makes executive and legislative cooperation necessary in the development of policy. Further, the division of legislative powers between the federal and state governments, as provided in the Constitution, makes it necessary for advocates of such policies as the regulation of commerce to seek representation or strength in both the federal and state legislatures. As these ends were too complex and difficult to achieve by impermanent groupings, the formation of permanent political organizations was inevitable.
***"Political Parties in the United States," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2009
http://encarta.msn.com © 1997-2009 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
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